1株好氧反硝化菌的分离鉴定及反硝化特性研究

经BTB培养基初筛和反硝化活力定量测定,从草鱼养殖池水中分离得到1株具有较高脱氮效率的好氧反硝化菌F1.通过形态观察、生理生化特性及16S rDNA同源性分析,确定该菌株为施氏假单胞菌（Pseudomonas stutzeri）.反硝化特性研究结果表明,该菌脱氮的最适碳源为乙酸钠、柠檬酸钠、葡萄糖和蔗糖,对硝酸盐的去除...     

新型生态浮岛在改善水质中的作用及生物膜载体微生物特征研究

设计了一种新型生态浮岛(IEFI),并对浮岛生物膜载体上的微生物进行了研究.结果表明,生物膜载体上的微生物对改善水质起到重要的作用,新型生态浮岛对COD、TN、TP的去除效果明显高于普通浮岛(CFI)(P<0.05).COD、TN、TP的最高去除率分别出现在9月、5月和11月.构建了生物膜载体上微生物的克隆文库,结果表...     

百草枯对巨桉人工幼林土壤细菌多样性的影响

为了解百草枯对土壤微生物多样性的影响过程和时效,在施加百草枯后第0、1、2、4、8、15、31d动态采集四川盆地典型巨桉人工幼林表层土壤,采用PCR-DGGE方法研究了细菌群落多样性特征.结果表明,施加百草枯后第1d土壤细菌丰富度显著降低,但在第2d明显增加,随后在第4d和第8d出现一个降低的过程,直至第15d降至最低点,在第31d又显著增加.施用百草枯后明显降低了土壤细菌群落Shannon-Wiener指数,但增加了Simpson指数,表明百草枯的施加可使部分细菌减少或丧失,土壤细菌群落结构表现出较高的优势度和较低的丰富度.通过对优势条带的克隆测序,鞘脂杆菌科(Sphingobacteriaceae)和酸杆菌纲(Acidobacteria)普遍存在于施加百草枯前后的不同阶段,而施加百草枯后第1d伯克氏菌目(Burkholderiales)和γ-变形菌纲(Gamma-proteobacteria)条带消失,随后均在第2、4和8d出现,但15d后伯克氏菌目、α-变形菌纲(Alpha-proteobacteria)和γ-变形菌纲条带消失,第31dγ-变形菌纲条带仍然缺失.这些结果为更清晰地认识百草枯对土壤微生物的影响提供了基础数据.     

Cloning and expression of the first gene for biodegrading microcystin LR by Sphingopyxis sp. USTB-05

Harmful cyanobacterial blooms are a growing environmental problem worldwide in natural waters, the biodegradation is found to be the most efficient method for removing microcystins (MCs) produced by harmful cyanobacteria. Based on the isolation of a promising bacterial strain of Sphingopyxis sp. USTB-05 for biodegrading MCs, we for the first time cloned and expressed a gene USTB-05-A (HM245411) that is responsible for the first step in the biodegradation of microcystin LR (MC-LR) in E. coli DH5αup, with a cloning vector of pGEM-T easy and an expression vector of pGEX-4T-1, respectively. The cell-free extracts (CE) of recombinant E. coli DH5αup containing USTB-05-A had high activity for biodegrading MC-LR. The initial MC-LR concentration of 40 mg/L was completely biodegraded within 1 hr in the presence of CE with a protein concentration of 0.35 mg/mL. Based on an analysis of the liquid chromatogram-mass spectrum (LC-MS), the enzyme encoded by gene USTB-05-A was found to be active in cleaving the target peptide bond between 3-amino-9-methoxy-2,6, 8-trimethyl-10-phenyl-deca-4,6-dienoic acid (Adda) and arginine of MC-LR, and converting cyclic MC-LR to linear MC-LR as a first product that is much less toxic than parent MC-LR, which offered direct evidence for the first step on the pathway of MC-LR biodegradation by Sphingopyxis sp. USTB-05.     

Photolysis kinetics and influencing factors of bisphenol S in aqueous solutions

The photodegradation of bisphenol S (BPS) in aqueous solutions was studied under different conditions. Photolysis and kinetics were investigated, as were the photolysis mechanism and the influences of initial pH value, light source, and environmental substances in water. The results showed that the photolysis of BPS occurred under UV light, and the rate increased with light source intensity. The photolysis of 5.0-50.0 mg/L BPS in water followed first-order kinetics: the rate was γ= 0.0161C_BPS under a 40-W UV-lamp, and the degradation half-life was 43.1 min. Due to its absorption of light, direct photolysis of BPS was a predominant pathway for BPS but was not obviously affected by reactive oxygen species. The results confirmed that the photolysis rates of BPS in alkaline water solution were faster than those in acidic and neutral water solution because of the ionization of BPS. The photodegradation rate of BPS increased in the presence of chloride and ferric ions, while the rate was inhibited by nitrate and phosphate in aqueous solution.     

一株反硝化细菌的鉴定、功能基因检测及其反硝化特性

采用富集培养和BTB(溴百里酚蓝)平板法从活性污泥中分离出一株高效的反硝化菌ADH1。结合16S rDNA系统发育分析结果和生理生化反应,将该菌鉴定为施氏假单胞菌(Pseudomonas stutzeri),经检测该菌株中存在反硝化功能基因nirS和nosZ,并由此推知其具备完整的反硝化酶系。通过这两种功能基因的系统发育分析,从另一角度证实了菌株ADH1属于Pseudomonas sp.。反硝化特性研究结果表明,在静置条件下,该菌在16 h内对NO3--N的转化率达到96.1%,其中84.7%的NO3--N完全经反硝化作用从培养液中去除,剩余的则被菌体同化吸收;而在150 r/min的振荡培养条件下,该菌在10 h对NO3--N的转化率高达97.8%,TN去除率也超过40%。研究结果表明菌株ADH1可能是一株有着良好应用前景的高效好氧反硝化细菌。     

Diverging meanings of development among architects and three other professional groups

Previous research has shown that designers' and architects' evaluations of visual stimuli, and of urban and rural environments are not necessarily shared by non-designers and non-architects. Such conclusions may be biased by instrumentation and methodological problems, namely, previous instruments often require verbal responses about stimuli. Hence, non-designers and non-architects may be less capable in expressing themselves, but perceive the same things as the professionals. Another problem stems from professionals who have a narrow range of traits being compared with a general population that has a broader range of traits and therefore has greater within-group variance. This study presents an instrument and a methodology for dealing with these problems in addition to examining the perceptual orientations of architects in comparison to three other professions. Results indicate that architects varied from the other professional groups in their quantitative judgments of the habitats studied but not from all groups in their qualitative judgments. Hence, architects may be a distinct professional culture for some design variables only.     

Volcanic hazard warning system: Persistence and transferability

This study examines the normative functioning of the volcano warning system on the Island of Hawaii. The research seeks to identify the combination of factors, both environmental and social, which allows the system to operate with success. On the basis of the findings, several recommendations are offered for improving environmental hazard warning systems.     

ZnIn2S4/g-C3N4光催化降解水中痕量药物卡马西平

本文采用水热合成法制备ZnIn₂S₄/g-C₃N₄复合催化剂应用于水中痕量药物卡马西平（CBZ）的太阳光催化降解,探究实际河水中固体颗粒（SS）,无机盐（IS）和溶解性有机物（DOM）对催化剂活性的影响以及ZnIn₂S₄/g-C₃N₄/浮石负载型催化剂光催化CBZ效果.结果表明,质量比为20：1 ZnIn₂S₄/g-C₃N₄的光催化活性高于ZnIn₂S₄,ZnIn₂S₄与g-C₃N₄异质结构加速了电子-空穴对的分离并抑制其复合、ZnIn₂S₄/g-C₃N₄中孔的增多和比表面积的增加有效提高了催化剂活性.水质参数对催化剂活性的影响顺序为DOM>IS>SS,过滤后河水中CBZ的光催化速率常数比原水提高了13倍;125mg/L催化剂投加量和太阳光照射240min后,100μg/L的CBZ被完全降解.动态试验中CBZ的光催化效率随水流速度的增大而下降;流速5mL/min下循环4次,ZnIn₂S₄/g-C₃N₄/浮石光催化降解与矿化CBZ的效率分别为86.4%和43.9%.     

一株芽孢杆菌在低氮源浓度培养基中的生长与氨氮去除特性

对菌株YB3进行了16S rRNA基因序列进化分析,并分别以NH_4Cl、NaNO_2、NaNO_3、尿素和蛋白胨为单一氮源,配制了5种低氮源浓度培养基,研究YB3在与养殖水体相近营养水平条件下的生长与氨氮去除特性.结果显示,菌株YB3属于蜡样芽孢杆菌(Bacullis cereus),在5种培养基中均能够生长,菌悬液(吸光度OD600为1.0)接种量为1.0%(v/v)时,OD600由0.010增长到0.100~0.117.在NH_4Cl培养基中,YB3的氨氮去除速率为1.23 mg·L~(-1)·d~(-1),去除率为93.5%.在尿素、蛋白胨等有机氮源培养基中,YB3将首先导致氨氮的积累,累积倍数分别为51.69和3.38,之后开始去除,去除速率为1.56和0.29 mg·L~(-1)·d~(-1),去除率为93.7%和26.8%.结果也表明,提高YB3接种量至8.0%(v/v),可以使蛋白胨培养基氨氮累积倍数下降至2.02,去除速率提高至1.07 mg·L~(-1)·d~(-1),去除率最终达到98.4%.NaNO_2和NaNO_3培养基中均未检测到氨氮,而NH_4Cl、尿素和蛋白胨培养基中也未检测到NO_2~--N和NO_3~--N,表明YB3的硝化、亚硝化和反硝化作用均不强烈,去除氨氮的同时将不会造成NO_2~--N和NO_3~--N等的大量积累.本文为菌株YB3在养殖水体调控与净化中的应用研究提供了实验基础和理论支持.